MedicalAdviser'sGroupMAGIncretin Atlas
Living evidence map · prototype

Incretin Atlas

GLP-1 receptor agonists, dual and triple agonists and amylin analogues in one database, with a primary source behind every number. The maps are built from the database and rebuilt on every update; the feed below records what changed.

Release 9 · 14 October 2026
52molecules in the pipeline
181trial arms
26outcome trials
42EASD 2026 results
158primary sources
14 Octlast update
Data cutDatabase 181 arms / 52 moleculesEASD 2026 1,309 abstracts, 19 sessions, 42 key resultsStatus 10 seed records awaiting source verification
Prototype. The first release was compiled from published papers and EASD 2026 abstracts, but figures tagged seed are still being verified against the primary source under our protocol (two independent extractions + manual reconciliation). Until then, check a seed figure against its source link before quoting it.
Update feed

What changed

Every database update is a short entry: which data were added and which maps moved. This is the «blog» of the atlas — the maps live, the entries stay.

Link to section

Subscribe to updates

One e-mail per new entry in the feed — never more often than the database changes. Confirmation by link; one-click unsubscribe.

14 October 2026CagriSema vs tirzepatide (REIMAGINE 5), EloraTZP, enicepatide in T2D, BGM0504 phase 2, ACHIEVE-4 arms

New results found by the atlas monitor in September–October 2026 were added after two independent extractions with verbatim quotes. In type 2 diabetes, CagriSema 1.0/1.0 mg reduced body weight by 12.4 % versus 9.1 % with tirzepatide 5 mg at week 60 (REIMAGINE 5), and the eloralintide + tirzepatide combination (EloraTZP) by up to 23.3 % versus 14.8 % with tirzepatide 15 mg and 3.0 % with placebo at week 48.

  • REIMAGINE 5 (CagriSema 1.0/1.0 mg vs tirzepatide 5 mg, T2D) and REDEFINE 9 (CagriSema 1.0/1.0 mg vs placebo, obesity: −21.0 % vs −2.0 %) — company announcement
  • EloraTZP phase 2b in obesity with T2D: four eloralintide + tirzepatide combinations, eloralintide alone (3 doses) and tirzepatide 15 mg — company release; EloraTZP added to the pipeline
  • Enicepatide (CT-388) phase 2 in T2D: 24 mg, weight −15.5 % and HbA1c −2.65 %-points at week 48 (placebo results not disclosed)
  • BGM0504 phase 2 (China, obesity, peer-reviewed): 5, 10 and 15 mg at week 24 — weight −10.7 % to −18.3 % vs +0.1 % with placebo (estimand not stated)
  • ACHIEVE-4: orforglipron arm at week 52 versus insulin glargine (active comparator), alongside the outcome results already on the forest plot
  • LIGHTEN (olatorepatide): efficacy-estimand results, placebo values and AE discontinuations added from the company release of the EASD presentation

Company releases are marked as such; peer-reviewed values replace them when the papers appear.

14 October 2026ACHIEVE-4: oral orforglipron on the outcome forest plot

The cardiovascular outcome trial of orforglipron versus insulin glargine in 2,749 adults with type 2 diabetes at increased cardiovascular risk (median follow-up 104 weeks) is now on the forest plot. The primary endpoint, 4-point MACE, met non-inferiority: hazard ratio 0.84 (95 % CI 0.59–1.20). Cardiovascular death: 0.47 (0.25–0.90).

  • Forest plot: ACHIEVE-4 with six endpoints — 4-point MACE (primary), 3-point MACE, cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, hospitalisation for unstable angina; the comparator is active (insulin glargine)
  • Trial timeline: ACHIEVE-4 marked as reported (non-inferior)

Two independent extractions agreed; every hazard ratio was checked against the text of the publication.

14 October 2026New phase 3 results: retatrutide TRIUMPH-2 and survodutide SYNCHRONIZE-2 in obesity with type 2 diabetes; petrelintide ZUPREME-1 and -2

Three new peer-reviewed publications and one company announcement were picked up by the atlas monitor and added after two independent extractions with verbatim quotes. In people with obesity and type 2 diabetes, retatrutide 12 mg reduced body weight by 20.8 % (efficacy estimand; placebo 4.0 %) at 80 weeks in TRIUMPH-2, and survodutide 6.0 mg by 13.1 % (placebo 3.1 %) at 76 weeks in SYNCHRONIZE-2. The amylin analogue petrelintide is now shown per dose from the ZUPREME-1 paper.

  • TRIUMPH-2 (Lancet 2026): retatrutide 4, 9 and 12 mg — weight (both estimands), HbA1c, systolic blood pressure, discontinuations, nausea, vomiting, serious adverse events
  • SYNCHRONIZE-2 (N Engl J Med 2026): survodutide 3.6 and 6.0 mg — the same set of fields
  • ZUPREME-1 (Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2026): petrelintide 1.0–9.0 mg at the primary time point (28 weeks); replaces the single EASD 2026 abstract value
  • ZUPREME-2 (company announcement, 7 Oct 2026): petrelintide, best of three doses, in obesity with type 2 diabetes; per-dose results are listed under «Help wanted»
  • Pipeline: new development board by stage and mechanism; petrelintide moved to phase 3

Discontinuation percentages computed from the participant counts reported in the trial flow diagrams are accepted when both extractions agree.

14 October 2026Outcomes extended: nine more endpoints, other-indication trials on one chart, a separate trial timeline

The outcome layer now goes beyond the primary composites. From the 13 cardiovascular and kidney outcome trials we added 34 hazard ratios for secondary and safety endpoints, and the primary results of outcome trials in heart failure, sleep apnoea, MASH, chronic kidney disease and Alzheimer's disease are shown as effects versus placebo. The registry layer was rebuilt: trials registered under new international non-proprietary names or company codes are now matched, and six molecules were added.

  • Forest plot: coronary revascularisation, hospitalisation for unstable angina, expanded MACE (components shown), retinopathy complications, major adverse limb events, kidney failure, sustained eGFR decline, new macroalbuminuria and new-onset diabetes — 34 hazard ratios, each with a verbatim quote from the primary publication
  • New chart «Outcome trials in other indications»: 17 primary-endpoint effects (KCCQ, apnoea–hypopnoea index, MASH resolution and fibrosis, kidney composite, CDR-SB, cerebral glucose metabolism), each block on its own scale
  • Map 4 «Trial timeline» is now a separate map: 532 phase 2–3 trials refreshed weekly from ClinicalTrials.gov, with hypertension, neurology and addiction groups and obesity / type 2 diabetes trials on request
  • Registry matching by alternative names and codes recovered missing programmes (enicepatide, MET-097, elecoglipron, olatorepatide, PB-119, bofanglutide); new molecules: zovaglutide, noiiglutide, lenbelintide, efocipegtrutide, macupatide, cotadutide
  • Molecule × indication matrix: approved indications shown in green; equal column widths

Every added value was extracted twice independently and accepted only when both extractions agreed and the quote was found verbatim in the source.

14 October 2026Chinese incretin pipeline: 10 more molecules, 93 trial arms from company releases and filings

We added the Chinese molecules that were missing and went through the companies' own press releases and stock-exchange filings (HKEX, Shanghai and Shenzhen), plus publications and EASD 2026 abstracts. Every number carries a verbatim quote from its source and a link to it; the quotes were checked automatically against the saved source texts. These values are marked «from company release or filing» and have not yet been through the two-model check.

  • New molecules: olatorepatide (HS-20094), ASC30, HDM1002, AZD5004 (elecoglipron), DR10624, efsubaglutide, PB-119, PEG-loxenatide, beinaglutide, HEC88473
  • Phase 3 results added: ribupatide GEMINI-1 (−17.7 % treatment-policy, −19.2 % efficacy at 48 weeks), olatorepatide LIGHTEN (−18.7 %), RAY1225 REBUILDING-2 (−22.2 % at 52 weeks), bofanglutide GRADUAL-1 (−18.5 %), oral HDM1002 and HRS-7535 HARBOR-1, mazdutide DREAMS-1/-2/-3 and GLORY-2, ecnoglutide SLIMMER, EECOH-2
  • Approvals and filings: ecnoglutide approved in China for T2D (Jan 2026) and weight management (Mar 2026); NDAs accepted for ribupatide, HRS-7535, BGM0504, olatorepatide, TG103 and HDM1702
  • Corrections: GLORY-1 now shows the 48-week values (the earlier entry carried the 32-week result); SLIMMER replaced the unverified first-release figure
  • Mechanism legend: each mechanism on its own row; FGF21 combinations get their own marker; update entries can be collapsed

109 arms of Chinese-origin molecules in the database. Where sources disagree (e.g. GLORY-2: journal vs press release) the card says so.

13 October 2026Molecule × indication matrix verified against labels and registries

Every cell of the matrix was checked against the current FDA labels (openFDA, DailyMed), the EMA medicines register, NMPA announcements, ClinicalTrials.gov (1,598 interventional studies of the 20 molecules) and published or press-released phase 3 results. Each cell now opens its evidence. The matrix grew from 12 to 18 molecules.

  • Orforglipron is approved in the US for obesity (Foundayo, 2026)
  • Tirzepatide: MACE reduction added to the Mounjaro US label (SURPASS-CVOT, 2026)
  • Semaglutide: kidney outcomes (Ozempic, FLOW) and MASH (Wegovy US 2025; Kayshild EU 2026) are labelled indications
  • Mazdutide is approved in China for obesity (June 2025) and type 2 diabetes (September 2025)
  • Survodutide: positive phase 3 in type 2 diabetes (SYNCHRONIZE-2, October 2026); CV outcomes trial completed, results pending
  • Liraglutide: LOSEIT showed no effect on knee osteoarthritis pain; SCALE Sleep Apnea positive
  • New rows: VK2735, eloralintide, petrelintide, ribupatide, ecnoglutide, berobenatide, bofanglutide; drug names added to the forest plot

Classification codes: approved / positive phase 3 / phase 3 ongoing or results pending / phase 2 / negative.

13 October 2026Outcome trials: 85 endpoint results, filters by endpoint, population and company

The cardiovascular and kidney outcome trials are now broken down by endpoint. For all 13 trials in the forest plot, hazard ratios with 95 % confidence intervals and event counts were extracted from the primary publications by two independent language models; all 85 values agree between the models and each carries a verbatim quote. The primary-endpoint hazard ratios of the first release were confirmed without change.

  • Forest plot filters: endpoint (3-point MACE, cardiovascular death, all-cause death, myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalisation for heart failure, kidney composite, HF composite), population, comparator, molecule, mechanism, company
  • Primary publications added for FLOW, SOUL, SURPASS-CVOT and SUMMIT
  • Mobile layout: compact filters, a molecule colour legend under Map 1, filters in the «Arms» section, and a card view of the molecule × indication matrix

The molecule × indication matrix is still a first-release classification and will be reconciled with labels and registries next.

13 October 2026Verified against primary sources; 2026 phase 3 trials added

Every arm in the database was re-extracted from its primary source — the full paper, the congress abstract or the company press release — by two independent language models, each value with a verbatim quote and its location in the source. Values on which both models agree are now marked «verified-2» and replace the first-release seed figures; the supporting quote is shown when you click a point. Values on which the models disagree stay unchanged until a human reviewer decides.

  • 44 of 61 arms now verified by two models; safety data much fuller (nausea, vomiting, serious adverse events, discontinuations)
  • New phase 3 data: retatrutide TRIUMPH-1 (NEJM 2026; up to −28.3 % at 80 weeks) and TRIUMPH-4 (topline, obesity with knee osteoarthritis), survodutide SYNCHRONIZE-1 (NEJM 2026; up to −16.6 % at 76 weeks), CagriSema REDEFINE 2 and REDEFINE 5 versus semaglutide 2.4 mg
  • New phase 2 data: VK2735 subcutaneous (VENTURE, full paper) and oral (VENTURE-Oral, press release), zenagamtide subcutaneous in type 2 diabetes (Lancet 2026), ecnoglutide EECOH-1 in type 2 diabetes
  • Pemvidutide MOMENTUM completed from the company filing; where a source does not name the estimand, the value is shown under both estimand toggles with a caveat
  • Corrections: the VK2735 oral arm now uses the doses actually tested (90 and 120 mg); SLIMMER (ecnoglutide) is flagged as unverified until its primary paper is identified

Cardiovascular outcome hazard ratios (forest plot) and the indication matrix are still first-release values and will be verified next.

13 October 2026Atlas launched: 29 molecules, 46 trial arms, outcomes and EASD 2026 layer

First release. The base covers the key phase 2–3 trials in obesity and type 2 diabetes (STEP, SURMOUNT, REDEFINE, retatrutide phase 2, survodutide, mazdutide, MariTide, amycretin, orforglipron) plus 42 key results from the EASD 2026 congress (Milan, 29 Sep – 3 Oct) drawn from our archive of 1,309 abstracts and 19 session transcripts.

  • Map 1 «Effect vs cost of effect» — 46 arms incl. Viking VK2735 and the Chinese pipeline (ribupatide, BGM0504, HDM1702, RAY1225, HDM1005, HRS-7535, TG103), with estimand and placebo-adjustment toggles and selectable axes
  • Pipeline: 29 molecules with mechanism, route, company, status and next milestone
  • Outcomes: 13 cardiovascular and kidney outcome trials on one forest plot, 5 ongoing CVOTs, 12 trials in other indications, molecule × indication matrix
  • EASD 2026 layer: 42 results in 5 blocks, each linked to its abstract number

Figures of the first release are tagged «seed» and are being verified against the primary sources.

Map 1

Effect versus the cost of effect

Horizontal axis — the price of the effect (patients discontinuing for adverse events, any discontinuation, nausea, vomiting or serious adverse events); vertical axis — the effect (weight, HbA1c or systolic blood pressure). Lower and further left is better. Shape = mechanism, colour = molecule, dashed outline = trial run in China. This is a cross-trial comparison: it shows direction, not a head-to-head result.

Data cut 14 Oct 2026
Link to section

Map

Where the data come from and how they were computed.
  • Weight: % change from baseline at the end of the main period; estimand per toggle (efficacy = on treatment, treatment-policy = regardless of discontinuation). HbA1c in %-points; SBP in mmHg.
  • Placebo-adjusted = difference from the placebo arm of the same trial. Active-comparator trials (SURMOUNT-5, ACHIEVE-4) have no placebo adjustment.
  • X-axis metrics are % of randomised patients in the arm. AE/effect = % AE discontinuations per 1 % of weight loss (lower is better).
  • Numbers in square brackets are the primary sources listed under «Sources».

Hover a point for the conditions and the source; click to highlight it in the table. Arms with no data on the chosen axes are listed in the table only.

Show the table (sort, filter, CSV)
Map 2

Effect by arm: doses, durations, populations

All trial arms under the current filters, sorted by effect, molecule or duration. These filters are the same as on Map 1 — change them in either place. Label — arm and duration; colour — molecule. In T2D the weight effect is consistently smaller than in obesity without diabetes: compare within a population.

Data cut 14 Oct 2026
Link to section

Effect by arm

Map 3

Outcomes: cardiovascular, kidney, heart failure and beyond

What the class has proven on hard endpoints, and which molecules have an outcome trial at all. The forest plot shows hazard ratios with 95 % confidence intervals from the published outcome trials; the matrix shows how far each molecule has reached in each indication; the timeline of all registered trials is Map 4. Older GLP-1 receptor agonists are included as the reference history of the class.

Data cut 14 Oct 2026
Link to section

Cardiovascular and kidney outcome trials

Where the data come from and how they were computed.
  • Hazard ratios and 95 % CI as reported in the primary publication of each trial. «Primary endpoint» shows each trial on its own primary outcome (3-point MACE, 4-point MACE, kidney composite or HF composite); choose a single endpoint to compare like with like. Endpoint counts in the list show how many trials carry that endpoint in the database.
  • Populations differ (with or without diabetes, established CVD or risk factors) — the plot is a map, not a meta-analysis.

Hazard ratio with 95 % CI; square size ∝ trial size; left of 1.0 favours the drug. Tap a row for details and sources.

Outcome trials in other indications

Where the data come from and how they were computed.
  • Primary (or co-primary) endpoint of each trial from the peer-reviewed primary publication, as reported: treatment difference versus placebo with 95 % CI, or odds / risk / hazard ratio. Values are extracted with verbatim quotes and checked against the source text.
  • Different measures are never placed on one axis; trials within a block share the measure and can be compared only with the usual caution about different populations and durations.

Primary endpoint versus placebo; each block has its own scale (difference, or ratio on a log scale). Molecule, mechanism and company filters above apply. Tap a row for the quote and source.

Show as tables

Ongoing and recently reported CVOTs

Other indications

Molecule × indication

MoleculeObesityT2DCV outcomesCKDHFpEFMASHSleep apnoeaKnee OAAlzheimer's
Semaglutide
GLP-1
approvedapprovedapprovedapprovedphase 3 +approved—phase 3 +negative
Tirzepatide
GLP-1/GIP
approvedapprovedapprovedphase 2phase 3 +phase 3approvedphase 3—
Liraglutide
GLP-1
approvedapprovedapprovedphase 2phase 2phase 2phase 3 +negativephase 2
Orforglipron
GLP-1
approvedphase 3 +phase 3 +phase 2——phase 3phase 3—
CagriSema
GLP-1 (± GIP) + amylin
phase 3 +phase 3 +phase 3phase 2—————
Retatrutide
GLP-1/GIP/glucagon
phase 3 +phase 3 +phase 3phase 3—phase 3phase 3phase 3 +—
Survodutide
GLP-1/glucagon
phase 3 +phase 3 +phase 3——phase 3———
Mazdutide
GLP-1/glucagon
approvedapprovedphase 3phase 3phase 2phase 3phase 3—phase 3
MariTide
GLP-1 + anti-GIPR
phase 3phase 3phase 3—phase 3—phase 3——
Amycretin
GLP-1 (± GIP) + amylin
phase 3phase 3phase 3——————
VK2735
GLP-1/GIP
phase 3phase 3———————
Eloralintide
amylin
phase 3phase 3————phase 3phase 3—
Petrelintide
amylin
phase 3phase 3phase 3——————
Ribupatide (HRS9531)
GLP-1/GIP
phase 3 +phase 3 +phase 3—phase 2phase 2phase 3phase 3—
Ecnoglutide
GLP-1
approvedapproved————phase 3phase 3—
Berobenatide (MET-097i)
GLP-1
phase 3—————phase 3——
Bofanglutide (GZR18)
GLP-1
phase 3 +phase 3————phase 3——
Pemvidutide
GLP-1/glucagon
phase 2————phase 3———
Efinopegdutide
GLP-1/glucagon
—————phase 2———
UBT251
GLP-1/GIP/glucagon
phase 3phase 3—phase 2—phase 2phase 3——
HRS-7535
GLP-1
phase 3 +phase 3 +—phase 3phase 2————
BGM0504
GLP-1/GIP
phase 3 +phase 3———————
HDM1702
GLP-1
phase 3 +————————
HDM1005
GLP-1/GIP
phase 3phase 3————phase 3——
RAY1225
GLP-1/GIP
phase 3 +phase 3———————
TG103
GLP-1
phase 3phase 3 +———————
HS-20094
GLP-1/GIP
phase 3 +phase 3———————
ASC30
GLP-1
phase 3phase 3———————
HDM1002
GLP-1
phase 3 +phase 3———————
AZD5004 (ECC5004)
GLP-1
phase 3phase 3———————
DR10624
GLP-1 + FGF21 (dual/triple)
———phase 2—phase 2———
Efsubaglutide alfa (supaglutide)
GLP-1
phase 3approved———————
PB-119
GLP-1
phase 2approved———————
PEG-loxenatide
GLP-1
phase 3approved———————
Beinaglutide
GLP-1
approvedapproved———————
HEC88473
GLP-1 + FGF21 (dual/triple)
—phase 2———————
Zovaglutide
GLP-1
phase 3————————
Noiiglutide
GLP-1
phase 2phase 3———————
Lenbelintide
amylin
phase 3————————
Efocipegtrutide
GLP-1/GIP/glucagon
—————phase 2———
Macupatide
GIP
phase 2————————
Cotadutide
GLP-1/glucagon
———phase 2—phase 2———
Semaglutide GLP-1
approved, , , ,
phase 3 +,
negative
Tirzepatide GLP-1/GIP
approved, , ,
phase 3 +
phase 3,
phase 2
Liraglutide GLP-1
approved, ,
phase 3 +
phase 2, , ,
negative
Orforglipron GLP-1
approved
phase 3 +,
phase 3,
phase 2
CagriSema GLP-1 (± GIP) + amylin
phase 3 +,
phase 3
phase 2
Retatrutide GLP-1/GIP/glucagon
phase 3 +, ,
phase 3, , ,
Survodutide GLP-1/glucagon
phase 3 +,
phase 3,
Mazdutide GLP-1/glucagon
approved,
phase 3, , , ,
phase 2
MariTide GLP-1 + anti-GIPR
phase 3, , , ,
Amycretin GLP-1 (± GIP) + amylin
phase 3, ,
VK2735 GLP-1/GIP
phase 3,
Eloralintide amylin
phase 3, , ,
Petrelintide amylin
phase 3, ,
Ribupatide (HRS9531) GLP-1/GIP
phase 3 +,
phase 3, ,
phase 2,
Ecnoglutide GLP-1
approved,
phase 3,
Berobenatide (MET-097i) GLP-1
phase 3,
Bofanglutide (GZR18) GLP-1
phase 3 +
phase 3,
Pemvidutide GLP-1/glucagon
phase 3
phase 2
Efinopegdutide GLP-1/glucagon
phase 2
UBT251 GLP-1/GIP/glucagon
phase 3, ,
phase 2,
HRS-7535 GLP-1
phase 3 +,
phase 3
phase 2
BGM0504 GLP-1/GIP
phase 3 +
phase 3
HDM1702 GLP-1
phase 3 +
HDM1005 GLP-1/GIP
phase 3, ,
RAY1225 GLP-1/GIP
phase 3 +
phase 3
TG103 GLP-1
phase 3 +
phase 3
HS-20094 GLP-1/GIP
phase 3 +
phase 3
ASC30 GLP-1
phase 3,
HDM1002 GLP-1
phase 3 +
phase 3
AZD5004 (ECC5004) GLP-1
phase 3,
DR10624 GLP-1 + FGF21 (dual/triple)
phase 2,
Efsubaglutide alfa (supaglutide) GLP-1
approved
phase 3
PB-119 GLP-1
approved
phase 2
PEG-loxenatide GLP-1
approved
phase 3
Beinaglutide GLP-1
approved,
HEC88473 GLP-1 + FGF21 (dual/triple)
phase 2
Zovaglutide GLP-1
phase 3
Noiiglutide GLP-1
phase 3
phase 2
Lenbelintide amylin
phase 3
Efocipegtrutide GLP-1/GIP/glucagon
phase 2
Macupatide GIP
phase 2
Cotadutide GLP-1/glucagon
phase 2,

approved / in label · positive phase 3 · phase 3 ongoing or results pending · phase 2 / signal only · no data · negative. Reviewed 13 Oct 2026 against FDA labels, the EMA register, NMPA announcements, ClinicalTrials.gov and phase 3 publications or press releases. Tap a cell for the evidence.

Map 4

Trial timeline: who is testing what, and when

Every phase 2–3 trial of the atlas molecules in outcome and specialty indications, from first patient to primary completion, as registered on ClinicalTrials.gov and refreshed weekly. Weight and glucose trials can be switched on. Markers show the result once it is public.

Registry refresh 14 Oct 2026
Link to section
IndicationOn request

Trials by indication and date

Where the data come from and how they were computed.
  • Curated trials (results verified in this atlas) plus every phase 2 or phase 3 trial of the atlas molecules registered on ClinicalTrials.gov whose title names one of these indications (CV outcomes, kidney, heart failure or cardiac structure, MASH, sleep apnoea, knee osteoarthritis, cognition).
  • Also shown by default: phase 2–3 trials in hypertension, neurology (stroke, Parkinson’s disease, neuropathy) and addiction (alcohol, opioid, nicotine, other substances).
  • Shown on request: phase 3 weight and glucose trials (Obesity, T2D buttons) and phase 2–3 trials in other conditions (Other); phase 1 studies (pharmacokinetics, formulations, healthy volunteers) are not shown.
  • Dates: actual or anticipated start and primary completion as registered; refreshed weekly.
  • Result markers come from the primary publication or, where stated, a topline press release or congress abstract.

Bars run from study start to primary completion (ClinicalTrials.gov). Tap a row for the result and sources. Refreshed weekly from the registry; last refresh 14 Oct 2026.

positivenon-inferior / neutralnegativecompleted, results pendingongoingcompletedtodayitalic · ph 2 phase 2
Map 5

Pipeline: who, which mechanism, how far

Molecules of the class from approved to phase 2 with the next milestone. Tap a mechanism to filter; the table also filters by route and company.

Data cut 14 Oct 2026
Link to section
Mechanism

Development board: stage × mechanism

Highest development stage reached in any indication. Tap a molecule for status, next milestone and sources. Badges: oral formulation; developed in China; best weight change reported in this atlas (obesity, any estimand).

Molecules

Statuses are tagged «verify» until reconciled with regulatory sources.

Congress layer

EASD 2026: key incretin results

From the 1,309 congress abstracts (Milan, 29 Sep – 3 Oct 2026) we selected 42 results in 5 blocks; the abstract number links to our archive. Next layers: ObesityWeek (November) and ADA 2027.

Link to section

Results

Search the text; filter by block and molecule.

Block
Transparency

What is in the database — and what is still missing

What we are still missing and how you can help. Below the list of open requests: how complete each field is, and the gaps arm by arm.

Data cut 14 Oct 2026
Link to section

Help wanted

Specific gaps we know about. If you have the paper, poster, slides or a link — send it; subscribers can attach a PDF (seen by the editors only). Accepted contributions are marked «used in the atlas».

PublicationEcnoglutide SLIMMER — the published paper
MissingSLIMMER is published in The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, but our weight and safety figures are still taken from the company release about the publication. We need the paper itself to verify them.
What helpsPMID, DOI or PDF of the Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology paper.
Affects: SLIMMER: Ecnoglutide 1.2 mg · SLIMMER: Ecnoglutide 1.8 mg · SLIMMER: Ecnoglutide 2.4 mg
Full textOral zenagamtide phase 2 (Lancet 2026) — full text
MissingWe could not retrieve the full text (PMID 42532079), so its arms are not in the database.
What helpsPDF of the article or its supplementary appendix.
ResultsOrforglipron ATTAIN-OSA — results
MissingThe trial (NCT06649045) completed in July 2026; no results are public yet.
What helpsTopline press release, congress presentation or paper with the change in apnoea–hypopnoea index.
ResultsRetatrutide — sleep apnoea results (TRIUMPH-1/-2 sub-studies)
MissingLilly lists sleep apnoea in the submission package, but we have no published AHI results.
What helpsPresentation, poster or paper with the sleep apnoea endpoints.
ResultsSurvodutide SYNCHRONIZE-CVOT — results
MissingThe cardiovascular outcomes trial (NCT06077864) completed in June 2026; results are expected later in 2026.
What helpsTopline release or presentation with MACE hazard ratio and 95 % CI.
ResultsRibupatide (HRS9531) — phase 3 results in China
MissingThe phase 3 obesity trial (NCT06396429) completed in 2025; we only have phase 2 data from EASD 2026.
What helpsPaper, poster or company release with weight change, estimand and safety table.
Affects: Ribupatide phase 2 (obesity + PMOS): ribupatide 4 mg · Ribupatide phase 2 (obesity + PMOS): ribupatide 2 mg
DataChinese phase 3 trials — safety tables (BGM0504, HDM1702, TG103, ribupatide)
MissingThe EASD 2026 abstracts give weight and HbA1c but no discontinuation or GI adverse-event rates, so these arms cannot be placed on the «effect vs cost» map.
What helpsPosters, slides or papers with AE discontinuation, nausea and vomiting by arm.
Affects: BGM0504 phase 3 (obesity): BGM0504 15 mg · BGM0504 phase 3 (obesity): BGM0504 10 mg · BGM0504 phase 3 (obesity): BGM0504 5 mg · HDM1702 vs Wegovy (bioequivalence): HDM1702 2.4 mg
DataCT-388 phase 2 — full results
MissingOnly the EASD abstract is available: weight change at 24 mg, no discontinuation or GI rates.
What helpsThe poster or paper with results by dose, estimand and safety table.
Affects: CT-388 phase 2: CT-388 24 mg
DataRGT-075 phase 2b — safety by arm
MissingWeight and blood pressure are known; discontinuation and GI events are not.
What helpsThe poster or paper with the safety table.
Affects: RGT-075 phase 2b: RGT-075 180 mg oral
PublicationVK2735 oral (VENTURE-Oral) — full publication
MissingOur numbers come from the press release: AE discontinuation by dose and the estimand are not stated.
What helpsPaper or poster with discontinuation by dose and the estimand used.
Affects: VENTURE-Oral (phase 2): oral VK2735 90 mg daily · VENTURE-Oral (phase 2): oral VK2735 120 mg daily
Full textSemaglutide STEP 9 (knee osteoarthritis) — full text
MissingThe abstract (NEJM 2024, PMID 39476339) gives WOMAC pain and weight change by group but not the between-group difference with its 95 % CI, so the trial is not yet on the «Outcome trials in other indications» chart.
What helpsPDF of the NEJM paper, or the estimated treatment difference in WOMAC pain with 95 % CI.
Full textSurvodutide phase 2 MASH — full text
MissingThe abstract (NEJM 2024, PMID 38847460) reports MASH improvement by dose without the difference versus placebo and its 95 % CI.
What helpsPDF of the NEJM paper, or the per-dose differences versus placebo with 95 % CI.
Full textUBT251 phase 2 in obesity (Cell Metabolism 2026) — full text
MissingOur UBT251 obesity arms come from the EASD 2026 abstract. The peer-reviewed paper (PMID 42843337) gives only a range (−13.6 % to −19.7 %) in the abstract; per-dose weight, GI events and discontinuations are in the paywalled full text.
What helpsPDF of the paper or its results tables.
PublicationRetatrutide TRIUMPH-4 (obesity + knee osteoarthritis) — publication
MissingResults (weight up to −28.7 %, WOMAC pain) come from the topline release of December 2025. No peer-reviewed publication or full congress data yet.
What helpsPMID, DOI or congress poster with WOMAC differences and 95 % CI, and safety by arm.
Affects: TRIUMPH-4 (obesity + knee osteoarthritis): retatrutide 9 mg · TRIUMPH-4 (obesity + knee osteoarthritis): retatrutide 12 mg
ResultsPetrelintide ZUPREME-2 (T2D) — results by dose
MissingThe topline release (Zealand Pharma, 7 Oct 2026) gives the range across three doses (−7.4 % to −9.2 %, efficacy estimand) and HbA1c up to −0.65 %, but not the doses or per-arm results.
What helpsCongress presentation or paper with weight, HbA1c, GI events and discontinuations by dose.
Affects: ZUPREME-2 (obesity + T2D): petrelintide, highest dose
ResultsCagriSema REDEFINE 4 and REIMAGINE 4 (head-to-head vs tirzepatide) — full results
MissingOnly topline results are public: REDEFINE 4 weight −20.2 % vs −23.6 % (treatment-regimen), non-inferiority not met; REIMAGINE 4 weight non-inferior, HbA1c not.
What helpsPublication or congress poster with per-arm weight, HbA1c, GI events and discontinuations.
Full textLEADER, SUSTAIN-6, REWIND — supplementary appendices
MissingKidney components (new macroalbuminuria, eGFR decline) and coronary revascularisation in REWIND are reported only in the supplementary appendices, so these hazard ratios are not yet on the forest plot.
What helpsThe supplementary appendix PDFs of the three NEJM / Lancet papers.
AnythingA molecule, trial or result we have missed
MissingThe atlas covers 41 molecules and 61 trial arms. If something is missing or out of date, we want to know.
What helpsA link to the source; a PDF if it is not openly available.

Completeness by field

weight, efficacy estimand93/181
weight, treatment-policy68/181
AE discontinuation85/181
any discontinuation22/181
nausea58/181
vomiting56/181
serious AEs48/181
HbA1c83/181
SBP30/181

Gaps by arm

Filter by molecule or availability; sort by the number of missing fields.

Primary sources

References

Vancouver style; each entry links to the primary source — the article on PubMed, the registry record on ClinicalTrials.gov, or the congress abstract. Numbers match the [n] markers in the tables and tooltips.

Link to section

Reference list

  1. Wilding JPH, Batterham RL, Calanna S, Davies M, Van Gaal LF, Lingvay I, et al. Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(11):989-1002. PMID: 33567185.
  2. Novo Nordisk A/S. Effect and Safety of Semaglutide 2.4 mg Once-weekly in Subjects With Overweight or Obesity (STEP 1). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03548935. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03548935
  3. Novo Nordisk A/S. Effect and Safety of Semaglutide 7.2 mg Once-weekly in Participants With Obesity (STEP UP). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT05646706. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05646706
  4. Wharton S, Freitas P, Hjelmesæth J, Kabisch M, Kandler K, Lingvay I, et al. Once-weekly semaglutide 7·2 mg in adults with obesity (STEP UP): a randomised, controlled, phase 3b trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2025;13(11):949-963. PMID: 40961952.
  5. Davies M, Færch L, Jeppesen OK, Pakseresht A, Pedersen SD, Perreault L, et al. Semaglutide 2·4 mg once a week in adults with overweight or obesity, and type 2 diabetes (STEP 2): a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2021;397(10278):971-984. PMID: 33667417.
  6. Novo Nordisk A/S. Effect and Safety of Semaglutide 2.4 mg Once-weekly in Subjects With Overweight or Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes (STEP 2). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03552757. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03552757
  7. Novo Nordisk A/S. Efficacy and Safety of Oral Semaglutide 25 mg Once Daily in Adults With Overweight or Obesity (OASIS 4). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT05564117. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05564117
  8. Wharton S, Lingvay I, Bogdanski P, Duque do Vale R, Jacob S, Karlsson T, et al. Oral Semaglutide at a Dose of 25 mg in Adults with Overweight or Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2025;393(11):1077-1087. PMID: 40934115.
  9. Jastreboff AM, Aronne LJ, Ahmad NN, Wharton S, Connery L, Alves B, et al. Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(3):205-216. PMID: 35658024.
  10. Eli Lilly and Company. Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide Once Weekly in Participants Without Type 2 Diabetes Who Have Obesity or Are Overweight With Weight- Related Comorbidities: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial (SURMOUNT-1) (SURMOUNT-1). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04184622. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04184622
  11. Garvey WT, Frias JP, Jastreboff AM, le Roux CW, Sattar N, Aizenberg D, et al. Tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity in people with type 2 diabetes (SURMOUNT-2): a double-blind, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2023;402(10402):613-626. PMID: 37385275.
  12. Eli Lilly and Company. Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide Once Weekly in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Who Have Obesity or Are Overweight: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial (SURMOUNT-2) (SURMOUNT-2). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04657003. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04657003
  13. Eli Lilly and Company. A Phase 3b, Randomized Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide Compared to Semaglutide in Adults Who Have Obesity or Overweight With Weight Related Comorbidities (SURMOUNT-5). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT05822830. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05822830
  14. Aronne LJ, Horn DB, le Roux CW, Ho W, Falcon BL, Gomez Valderas E, et al. Tirzepatide as Compared with Semaglutide for the Treatment of Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2025;393(1):26-36. PMID: 40353578.
  15. Jastreboff AM, Kaplan LM, Frías JP, Wu Q, Du Y, Gurbuz S, et al. Triple-Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity - A Phase 2 Trial. N Engl J Med. 2023;389(6):514-526. PMID: 37366315.
  16. Eli Lilly and Company. A Phase 2 Study of Once-Weekly LY3437943 Compared With Placebo in Participants Who Have Obesity or Are Overweight With Weight-Related Comorbidities. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04881760. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04881760
  17. Rosenstock J, Frias J, Jastreboff AM, Du Y, Lou J, Gurbuz S, et al. Retatrutide, a GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist, for people with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, double-blind, placebo and active-controlled, parallel-group, phase 2 trial conducted in the USA. Lancet. 2023;402(10401):529-544. PMID: 37385280.
  18. Harpreet S. Bajaj et al. Efficacy and safety of retatrutide, a GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptor agonist in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with diet and exercise alone (TRANSCEND-T2D-1). Abstract 15. EASD 2026 Annual Meeting; 2026 Sep 29–Oct 3; Milan. [Session: OP 03 GLP-1 and friends: new clinical insights]
  19. Novo Nordisk A/S. Efficacy and Safety of Cagrilintide s.c. 2.4 Milligram (mg) in Combination With Semaglutide Subcutaneous (s.c). 2.4 mg (CagriSema s.c. 2.4 mg/2.4 mg) Once-weekly in Participants With Overweight or Obesity (REDEFINE 1). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT05567796. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05567796
  20. Garvey WT, Blüher M, Osorto Contreras CK, Davies MJ, Winning Lehmann E, Pietiläinen KH, et al. Coadministered Cagrilintide and Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2025;393(7):635-647. PMID: 40544433.
  21. Novo Nordisk A/S. Efficacy and Safety of Cagrilintide s.c. 2.4 mg in Combination With Semaglutide s.c. 2.4 mg (CagriSema s.c. 2.4 mg/2.4 mg) Once-weekly in Participants With Overweight or Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes (REDEFINE 2). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT05394519. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05394519
  22. Jøran Hjelmesæth et al. Efficacy of CagriSema on body composition in participants with early type 2 diabetes: REIMAGINE 1. Abstract LBA 11. EASD 2026 Annual Meeting; 2026 Sep 29–Oct 3; Milan. [Session: LBA OP 02 New and old drugs: reproductive or metabolic relevance]
  23. Boehringer Ingelheim. A Phase II, Randomized, Double Blind, Parallel Group,46 Weeks Dose-finding Study of BI 456906 Administered Once Weekly Subcutaneously Compared With Placebo in Patients With Obesity or Overweight. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04667377. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04667377
  24. le Roux CW, Steen O, Lucas KJ, Startseva E, Unseld A, Hennige AM. Glucagon and GLP-1 receptor dual agonist survodutide for obesity: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-finding phase 2 trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2024;12(3):162-173. PMID: 38330987.
  25. Amgen. A Phase 2 Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind, Dose-ranging Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of AMG 133 in Adult Subjects With Overweight or Obesity, With or Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT05669599. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05669599
  26. Jastreboff AM, Ryan DH, Bays HE, Ebeling PR, Mackowski MG, Philipose N, et al. Once-Monthly Maridebart Cafraglutide for the Treatment of Obesity - A Phase 2 Trial. N Engl J Med. 2025;393(9):843-857. PMID: 40549887.
  27. Dahl K, Toubro S, Dey S, Duque do Vale R, Flint A, Gasiorek A, et al. Amycretin, a novel, unimolecular GLP-1 and amylin receptor agonist administered subcutaneously: results from a phase 1b/2a randomised controlled study. Lancet. 2025;406(10499):149-162. PMID: 40550231.
  28. Gasiorek A, Heydorn A, Gabery S, Hjerpsted JB, Kirkeby K, Kruse T, et al. Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of the first-in-class GLP-1 and amylin receptor agonist, amycretin: a first-in-human, phase 1, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2025;406(10499):135-148. PMID: 40550229.
  29. Eli Lilly and Company. A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of Once-Daily Oral Orforglipron Compared With Placebo in Adult Participants With Obesity or Overweight With Weight-Related Comorbidities (ATTAIN-1) (ATTAIN-1). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT05869903. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05869903
  30. Wharton S, Aronne LJ, Stefanski A, Alfaris NF, Ciudin A, Yokote K, et al. Orforglipron, an Oral Small-Molecule GLP-1 Receptor Agonist for Obesity Treatment. N Engl J Med. 2025;393(18):1796-1806. PMID: 40960239.
  31. Eli Lilly and Company. A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of Once Daily Oral LY3502970 Compared With Placebo in Adult Participants With Type 2 Diabetes and Inadequate Glycemic Control With Diet and Exercise Alone (ACHIEVE-1). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT05971940. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05971940
  32. Rosenstock J, Hsia S, Nevarez Ruiz L, Eyde S, Cox D, Wu WS, et al. Orforglipron, an Oral Small-Molecule GLP-1 Receptor Agonist, in Early Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2025;393(11):1065-1076. PMID: 40544435.
  33. Katherine Tuttle et al. Effects of orforglipron versus insulin glargine on kidney outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk: results of the ACHIEVE-4 trial. Abstract LBA 25. EASD 2026 Annual Meeting; 2026 Sep 29–Oct 3; Milan. [Session: LBA OP 05 Incretin outcomes and novel biomarker-related insights]
  34. Altimmune, Inc.. A Phase 2, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled and Parallel Group 48-Week Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of ALT-801 in the Treatment of Obesity (MOMENTUM Trial). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT05295875. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05295875
  35. Altimmune, Inc. Altimmune announces positive topline results from MOMENTUM 48-week phase 2 obesity trial of pemvidutide [press release, Form 8-K Exhibit 99.1]. Gaithersburg (MD): Altimmune; 2023 Nov 30. Available from: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1326190/000132619023000050/alt-20231130xex99d1.htm. Available from: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1326190/000132619023000050/alt-20231130xex99d1.htm
  36. Ildiko Lingvay et al. Ct-388, a camp signal-biased GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist, achieves clinically meaningful weight loss in people with overweight/obesity: results from the 48-weeks phase 2 study. Abstract 125. EASD 2026 Annual Meeting; 2026 Sep 29–Oct 3; Milan. [Session: OP 21 Incretin therapies: from mechanism to the real world]
  37. Julio Rosenstock et al. Weight and blood pressure-lowering effects of RGT-075, an oral small-molecule GLP-1 RA in obesity, verified by pharmacokinetic (PK) levels: a randomised, placebo-controlled 36-week study. Abstract 804. EASD 2026 Annual Meeting; 2026 Sep 29–Oct 3; Milan. [Session: SO 071 What can a pill do?]
  38. Hongwei Jiang et al. Efficacy and safety of ribupatide (HRS9531) in participants with obesity and polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, Phase 2 trial. Abstract LBA 74. EASD 2026 Annual Meeting; 2026 Sep 29–Oct 3; Milan. [Session: LBA SO 05 Diabetes in pregnancy, childhood and beyond]
  39. EASD 2026 Annual Meeting; 2026 Sep 29–Oct 3; Milan. Abstract easd66738.
  40. Linong Ji et al. Efficacy and safety of BGM0504 in Chinese patients with overweight or obesity: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 3 trial. Abstract LBA 37. EASD 2026 Annual Meeting; 2026 Sep 29–Oct 3; Milan. [Session: LBA OP 07 Incretins: more on signalling, trials and real-world evidence]
  41. BrightGene. 博瑞医药 (688166.SH) 自愿披露关于BGM0504注射液减重适应症III期临床试验数据的公告 (2026-029) [HKEX filing]. 2026-05-05. Available from: http://static.cninfo.com.cn/finalpage/2026-05-06/1225277468.PDF
  42. EASD 2026 Annual Meeting; 2026 Sep 29–Oct 3; Milan. Abstract easd66778.
  43. Leili Gao et al. Efficacy and safety of HDM1702 vs. semaglutide (Wegovy®) in patients with obesity: a randomised, open-label, bioequivalence Phase 3 trial. Abstract 594. EASD 2026 Annual Meeting; 2026 Sep 29–Oct 3; Milan. [Session: SO 043 Pharmacotherapy in obesity]
  44. Leili Gao et al. RAY1225, a bi-weekly fully biased GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist in type 2 diabetes: a phase 2 trial in Chinese adults (Shining-1). Abstract 16. EASD 2026 Annual Meeting; 2026 Sep 29–Oct 3; Milan. [Session: OP 03 GLP-1 and friends: new clinical insights]
  45. EASD 2026 Annual Meeting; 2026 Sep 29–Oct 3; Milan. Abstract easd64086.
  46. Linong Ji et al. A phase 2 trial of HDM1005 in participants with type 2 diabetes not controlled with diet/exercise or metformin. Abstract 782. EASD 2026 Annual Meeting; 2026 Sep 29–Oct 3; Milan. [Session: SO 068 Gut hormones, nutrients and metabolic effects]
  47. Miao Yu et al. Oral small-molecule GLP-1 RA HRS-7535 as monotherapy in Chinese adults with early type 2 diabetes: the OUTSTAND-1 Phase 3 trial. Abstract LBA 39. EASD 2026 Annual Meeting; 2026 Sep 29–Oct 3; Milan. [Session: LBA SO 01 Eat, signal, treat: the rise of incretin therapies]
  48. EASD 2026 Annual Meeting; 2026 Sep 29–Oct 3; Milan. Abstract easd66720.
  49. Kailera / Hengrui. Kailera Therapeutics Announces Positive Topline Data from Two Hengrui Pharma Phase 3 Clinical Trials of HRS-7535/KAI-7535 (HARBOR-1, OUTSTAND-2) (GlobeNewswire via BioSpace) [press release]. 2026-07-07. Available from: https://www.biospace.com/press-releases/kailera-therapeutics-announces-positive-topline-data-from-two-hengrui-pharma-phase-3-clinical-trials-of-oral-small-molecule-glp-1-receptor-agonist-hrs-7535-kai-7535
  50. Xiaoling Cai et al. Efficacy and safety of TG103 versus dulaglutide as an add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised Phase III trial. Abstract 836. EASD 2026 Annual Meeting; 2026 Sep 29–Oct 3; Milan. [Session: SO 075 New drugs and new data]
  51. Jastreboff AM, Kaplan LM, Davies MJ, Wilding JPH, Ahmad NN, Murray M, et al. Retatrutide, a Triple Hormone Receptor Agonist, for Treatment of Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2026. PMID: 42814954.
  52. le Roux CW, Wharton S, Startseva E, Kloer IM, Hussain SA, Unseld A, et al. Survodutide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Adults with Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2026;395(8):776-787. PMID: 42253238.
  53. Yamauchi T, Becker NP, Hagemann CA, Huang KC, Kiyosue A, Lim S, et al. Efficacy and safety of co-administered cagrilintide and semaglutide versus semaglutide alone in adults with overweight or obesity with or without type 2 diabetes in Japan and Taiwan (REDEFINE 5): a multicentre, randomised, active-controlled, phase 3a trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2026;14(6):450-462. PMID: 42009015.
  54. Bays HE, Toth P, Alkhouri N, Pullman J, Freilich B, Neutel J, et al. Weekly Subcutaneous VK2735, a GIP/GLP-1 Receptor Dual Agonist, for Weight Management: Phase 2, Randomized, 13-Week VENTURE Study. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2026;34(3):537-549. PMID: 41508550.
  55. Mora P, Aroda VR, Asong M, Blüher M, Heftdal LD, Carlander AF, et al. Efficacy and safety of once-weekly subcutaneous zenagamtide, a novel unimolecular GLP-1 and amylin receptor agonist, in type 2 diabetes: a multicentre, randomised, parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-finding, phase 2 trial. Lancet. 2026;408(10555):621-635. PMID: 42532080.
  56. Viking Therapeutics. Viking Therapeutics announces positive top-line results from phase 2 VENTURE-Oral Dosing trial of VK2735 tablet formulation in patients with obesity [press release]. San Diego (CA): Viking Therapeutics; 2025 Aug 19. Available from: https://ir.vikingtherapeutics.com/2025-08-19-Viking-Therapeutics-Announces-Positive-Top-Line-Results-from-Phase-2-VENTURE-Oral-Dosing-Trial-of-VK2735-Tablet-Formulation-in-Patients-With-Obesity
  57. Eli Lilly and Company. TRIUMPH-4 topline results [press release coverage]. 2025 Dec 11. Available from: https://www.pharmexec.com/view/lilly-retatrutide-positive-topline-results-successful-phase-iii-trial
  58. Retatrutide achieves up to 28.7% weight loss and marked knee pain reduction in phase 3 TRIUMPH-4 trial. Patient Care. 2025 Dec 11. Available from: https://www.patientcareonline.com/view/retatrutide-achieves-up-to-28-7-weight-loss-and-marked-knee-pain-reduction-in-phase-3-triumph-4-trial
  59. Zhu D, Wang W, Tong G, Ma J, Wen B, Zheng X, et al. Efficacy and safety of cAMP signalling-biased GLP-1 analogue ecnoglutide monotherapy versus placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes (EECOH-1): a multi-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Nat Commun. 2026;17(1):1420. PMID: 41501026.
  60. EASD 2026 Annual Meeting; 2026 Sep 29–Oct 3; Milan. Abstract easd63850.
  61. EASD 2026 Annual Meeting; 2026 Sep 29–Oct 3; Milan. Abstract easd64052.
  62. Innovent. Innovent Presents the Results of the First Phase 3 Study of Mazdutide for Weight Management at the ADA's 84th Scientific Sessions (BioSpace mirror of PR Newswire) [press release]. 2024-06-24. Available from: https://www.biospace.com/innovent-presents-the-results-of-the-first-phase-3-study-of-mazdutide-for-weight-management-at-the-ada-s-84th-scientific-sessions
  63. Gao L, Jiang H, Cai H, Tian J, Shi B, Qiu W, et al. Treatment With 9-mg Mazdutide for Weight Reduction in Chinese Adults With Obesity: The GLORY-2 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2026;336(5):377-388. PMID: 42251595.
  64. Hsia SH, Bays HE, Billings LK, Weideman AMK, Mather KJ, Coskun T, et al. Efficacy and safety of mazdutide in adults with obesity or overweight: a US-based, multicentre, phase 2, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2026;14(11):879-893. PMID: 42628555.
  65. Innovent. Nature: Two Phase 3 Clinical Results of Mazdutide in Chinese Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Published Back-to-back (DREAMS-1, DREAMS-2) [press release]. 2025-12-17. Available from: https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/nature--two-phase-3-clinical-results-of-mazdutide-glp-1gcg-dual-receptor-agonist-in-chinese-adults-with-type-2-diabetes-have-been-back-to-back-published-in-nature-302644606.html
  66. Innovent. Innovent's Mazdutide Shows Superiority in Glycemic Control with Weight Loss over Semaglutide in a Head-to-head Phase 3 Clinical Trial DREAMS-3 [press release]. 2025-10-26. Available from: https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/innovents-mazdutide-shows-superiority-in-glycemic-control-with-weight-loss-over-semaglutide-in-a-head-to-head-phase-3-clinical-trial-dreams-3-302594633.html
  67. Sciwind. Sciwind Biosciences Announces Publication of Phase III SLIMMER Trial Results in The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (BioPharma Dive mirror of company release) [press release]. 2025-06-21. Available from: https://www.biopharmadive.com/press-release/20250621-sciwind-biosciences-announces-publication-of-phase-iii-slimmer-trial-result-1
  68. Sciwind. Head-to-head Study Validates the Clinical Advantage of New-generation Biased GLP-1: Ecnoglutide Delivers 35% Greater Weight Loss than Semaglutide (BioSpace mirror) [press release]. 2026-06-07. Available from: https://www.biospace.com/press-releases/head-to-head-study-validates-the-clinical-advantage-of-new-generation-biased-glp-1-ecnoglutide-delivers-35-greater-weight-loss-than-semaglutide
  69. Sciwind. Sciwind Biosciences Announces Positive Topline Results from Phase 3 Clinical Trial of Ecnoglutide (XW003) in Adult Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in China [press release]. 2024-01-02. Available from: https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/sciwind-biosciences-announces-positive-topline-results-from-phase-3-clinical-trial-of-ecnoglutide-xw003-a-long-acting-camp-signaling-biased-glp-1-analog-in-adult-patients-with-type-2-diabetes-in-china-302023591.html
  70. He Y, Mi N, Cheng Z, Xue H, Han J, Wang H, et al. Efficacy and safety of cAMP-biased GLP-1 receptor agonist ecnoglutide versus dulaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes and elevated glucose concentrations on metformin monotherapy (EECOH-2): a 52-week, multicentre, open-label, non-inferiority, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2025;13(10):863-873. PMID: 40854315.
  71. EASD 2026 Annual Meeting; 2026 Sep 29–Oct 3; Milan. Abstract easd66821.
  72. Hansoh Pharma. Olatorepatide phase III LIGHTEN data presented at EASD 2026 [EQS-News]. 2026 Oct 2. Available from: https://www.boersennews.de/nachrichten/meldungen/eqs/eqs-news-19-3-weight-loss-at-week-48-phase-data-of-olatorepatide-hansoh-s-dual-biased-glp-1-gip-agonist-presented-at-easd/5297659/
  73. Shuai Y, Yang G, Zhang Q, Li W, Luo Y, Ma J, et al. Efficacy and safety of polyethylene glycol loxenatide monotherapy in type 2 diabetes patients: A multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3a clinical trial. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2021;23(1):116-124. PMID: 32965075.
  74. Gao F, Lv X, Mo Z, Ma J, Zhang Q, Yang G, et al. Efficacy and safety of polyethylene glycol loxenatide as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: A multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3b trial. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2020;22(12):2375-2383. PMID: 32744358.
  75. Hengrui / Kailera. Hengrui Pharma and Kailera Therapeutics Announce Additional Data from Phase 3 Obesity Trial in China of Dual GLP-1/GIP Receptor Agonist HRS9531 (GlobeNewswire text mirrored by santelog.com) [press release]. 2025-11-04. Available from: https://www.santelog.com/actualites-sante-nasdaq/hengrui-pharma-and-kailera-therapeutics-announce-additional-data-phase-3
  76. EASD 2026 Annual Meeting; 2026 Sep 29–Oct 3; Milan. Abstract hrs9531_ow2025_slides.
  77. Hengrui / Kailera. Hengrui Pharma and Kailera Therapeutics Report Positive Topline Data from Phase 3 Obesity Trial in China of Dual GLP-1/GIP Receptor Agonist HRS9531 (GlobeNewswire via BioSpace) [press release]. 2025-07-15. Available from: https://www.biospace.com/press-releases/hengrui-pharma-and-kailera-therapeutics-report-positive-topline-data-from-phase-3-obesity-trial-in-china-of-dual-glp-1-gip-receptor-agonist-hrs9531
  78. EASD 2026 Annual Meeting; 2026 Sep 29–Oct 3; Milan. Abstract hrs9531_201_ada2024.
  79. EASD 2026 Annual Meeting; 2026 Sep 29–Oct 3; Milan. Abstract hrs9531t201_ada2026_poster.
  80. Kailera / Hengrui. Kailera Therapeutics and Hengrui Pharma Report Positive Topline Data from Phase 2 Obesity Trial of Oral Ribupatide (GlobeNewswire via BioSpace) [press release]. 2026-02-10. Available from: https://www.biospace.com/press-releases/kailera-therapeutics-and-hengrui-pharma-report-positive-topline-data-from-phase-2-obesity-trial-of-oral-ribupatide
  81. Kailera. Kailera Reports Second Quarter 2026 Financial Results and Provides Business Updates (8-K Ex. 99.1) [press release]. 2026-08-12. Available from: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/2096997/000119312526346919/ck0002096997-ex99_1.htm
  82. EASD 2026 Annual Meeting; 2026 Sep 29–Oct 3; Milan. Abstract easd66823.
  83. Kailera. Kailera Reports First Quarter 2026 Financial Results and Provides Clinical Data Updates (8-K Ex. 99.1) [press release]. 2026-05-26. Available from: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/2096997/000119312526239362/ck0002096997-ex99_1.htm
  84. Raynovent / Zhongsheng. 众生药业 (002317.SZ) 关于控股子公司一类创新药RAY1225注射液减重III期临床试验获得顶线分析数据结果的公告 (2026-068) [HKEX filing]. 2026-10-08. Available from: http://static.cninfo.com.cn/finalpage/2026-10-09/1225597551.PDF
  85. Raynovent / Zhongsheng. 众生药业 (002317.SZ) 关于控股子公司一类创新药RAY1225注射液II期临床试验获得顶线分析数据结果的公告 (2025-045) [HKEX filing]. 2025-05-06. Available from: http://static.cninfo.com.cn/finalpage/2025-05-07/1223477369.PDF
  86. Gan & Lee. ObesityWeek 2024: Gan & Lee orally presents Phase 2b clinical data for GZR18 injection in Chinese overweight and obese adults (BioSpace mirror of PR Newswire) [press release]. 2024-11-11. Available from: https://www.biospace.com/press-releases/obesityweek-2024-gan-lee-pharmaceuticals-orally-presents-phase-2b-clinical-data-for-gzr18-injection-in-chinese-overweight-and-obese-adults
  87. Gan & Lee. Gan & Lee Pharmaceuticals' Three Innovative Drugs: GZR18, GZR4 and GZR101 Achieve Primary Endpoints in Phase 2 Clinical Studies (BioSpace mirror of PR Newswire/CNW) [press release]. 2024-10-15. Available from: https://www.biospace.com/press-releases/gan-lee-pharmaceuticals-three-innovative-drugs-gzr18-injection-gzr4-injection-and-gzr101-injection-achieve-primary-endpoints-in-phase-2-clinical-studies
  88. Gan & Lee. Gan & Lee: Insulin Ludefen meets Phase III endpoint; Bofanglutide meets primary endpoints in Phase III weight-loss study in China (GRADUAL-1) and Phase II in the U.S. (Macau Business mirror of PR Newswire) [press release]. 2026-06-12. Available from: https://macaubusiness.com/gan-lee-pharmaceuticals-achieves-significant-progress-in-its-dual-pipeline-for-metabolic-diseases-weekly-insulin-ludefen-gzr4-meets-primary-endpoint-in-phase-iii-clinical-trial-in-china-bo/
  89. CSPC. CSPC voluntary announcement: Results of Phase III study of Efmedaglutide Alfa (TG103) + metformin in Chinese adults with T2DM presented at EASD 2026 [HKEX filing]. 2026-09-30. Available from: https://doc.irasia.com/listco/hk/cspc/announcement/a260930.pdf
  90. Huadong Medicine (Zhongmei Huadong). 华东医药 公告2026-057: HDM1002片减重Ⅲ期研究(HDM1002-301)获得积极顶线结果 (SZSE filing, Chinese) [HKEX filing]. 2026-09-28. Available from: http://static.cninfo.com.cn/finalpage/2026-09-28/1225583787.PDF
  91. Huadong Medicine. 华东医药HDM1005注射液减重II期临床告捷 (Pharnexcloud news, Chinese) [secondary]. 2025-12-15. Available from: https://www.pharnexcloud.com/zixun/shiye/lcyj_261317
  92. AstraZeneca (licensed from Eccogene). AstraZeneca: Elecoglipron, an oral small molecule GLP-1 RA, moves to Phase III programme (VISTA and SOLSTICE Phase IIb results; Cision mirror) [press release]. 2026-06-08. Available from: https://news.cision.com/se/astrazeneca/r/elecoglipron--an-oral-small-molecule-glp-1-ra--moves-to-phase-iii-programme-and-unlocks-next-chapter,c4359385
  93. Aroda VR, Davies MJ, Maaske J, Millegård M, Juan VL, Aberle J, et al. Elecoglipron, an oral small molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist in adults with type 2 diabetes (SOLSTICE): a multicentre, phase 2b, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2026;407(10547):2515-2527. PMID: 42259343.
  94. Innogen (Yinnuo). Innogen to present Phase IIb ENLIGHT study results for Efsubaglutide Alfa at ADA 2026 (BioSpace mirror of PR Newswire) [press release]. 2026-05-29. Available from: https://www.biospace.com/press-releases/innogen-to-present-phase-iib-enlight-study-results-for-efsubaglutide-alfa-at-the-2026-ada-scientific-sessions
  95. Innogen (Yinnuo). Efsubaglutide alfa added to metformin in T2D: randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-stage adaptive phase 2b/3 trial (SUPER 2). Nat Commun 2026 [publication]. 2026-05-08. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-72574-7
  96. PegBio. Efficacy and safety of visepegenatide (PB-119) as monotherapy in T2DM: phase 3 RCT. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 2024;47:101101 [publication]. 2024-06. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11214404/
  97. PegBio. Efficacy and safety of visepegenatide (PB-119) as add-on to metformin in T2DM: phase 3 RCT. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 2024;51:101197 [publication]. 2024-10. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11488426/
  98. Chen K, Chen L, Shan Z, Wang G, Qu S, Qin G, et al. Beinaglutide for weight management in Chinese individuals with overweight or obesity: A phase 3 randomized controlled clinical study. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2024;26(2):690-698. PMID: 37945546.
  99. Bellido V, le Roux CW, Ekinci EI, Bjornstad P, Frias JP, Giblin K, et al. Retatrutide in adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes (TRIUMPH-2): a double-blind, parallel-group, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2026;408(10563):1455-1472. PMID: 42810372.
  100. Wharton S, le Roux CW, Startseva E, Kloer IM, Alhussein A, Hussain SA, et al. Survodutide Once Weekly in Adults with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2026. PMID: 42820639.
  101. Garvey WT, Ard J, Connery L, Frias JP, le Roux CW, Pietiläinen KH, et al. Petrelintide, a human amylin analogue for the treatment of obesity (ZUPREME 1): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2026;14(11):914-926. PMID: 42810355.
  102. Zealand Pharma. Positive phase 2 ZUPREME-2 topline results for petrelintide [company announcement No. 54/2026]. 2026 Oct 7. Available from: https://view.news.eu.nasdaq.com/view?id=1468986
  103. Novo Nordisk. CagriSema REIMAGINE 5 and REDEFINE 9 topline results [company announcement]. 2026 Sep 21. Available from: https://www.novonordisk.com/news-and-media/news-and-ir-materials/news-details.html?id=916774
  104. Eli Lilly and Company. EloraTZP (eloralintide + tirzepatide) phase 2 results in adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes [press release]. 2026 Sep 30. Available from: https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/lillys-eloratzp-combination-of-eloralintide-and-tirzepatide-delivered-greater-weight-loss-and-a1c-reduction-vs-tirzepatide-15-mg-in-adults-with-obesity-and-type-2-diabetes-302894480.html
  105. Roche. Enicepatide phase II results in type 2 diabetes with overweight or obesity [ad hoc announcement]. 2026 Sep 22. Available from: https://www.roche.com/media/releases/med-cor-2026-09-22
  106. Ji L, Yang G, Huang Y, Ding H, Xie D, Jiang X, et al. Effectiveness, Safety and Pharmacokinetics of BGM0504, a Dual GLP-1/GIP Receptor Agonist, in Chinese Adults With Overweight or Obesity Without Diabetes: A Phase 2 Multicentre, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2026. PMID: 42755112.
  107. Klein KR, Wysham C, Tuttle KR, Davies MJ, Cox D, Chen J, et al. Cardiovascular safety of orforglipron versus insulin glargine in adults with type 2 diabetes at increased cardiovascular risk (ACHIEVE-4): a phase 3, event-driven, randomised, open-label, non-inferiority, active comparator trial. Lancet. 2026. PMID: 42815506.
  108. Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co. Ltd.. A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Phase III Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of IBI362 in Chinese Participants With Obesity or Overweight (GLORY-1). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT05607680. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05607680
  109. Dahl K, Toubro S, Dey S, Duque do Vale R, Flint A, Gasiorek A, et al. Amycretin, a novel, unimolecular GLP-1 and amylin receptor agonist administered subcutaneously: results from a phase 1b/2a randomised controlled study. Lancet. 2025;406(10499):149-162. PMID: 40550231.
  110. Billings LK, Hsia S, Bays H, Tidemann-Miller B, O'Hagan J, Tham LS, et al. Eloralintide, a selective amylin receptor agonist for the treatment of obesity: a 48-week phase 2, multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2025;406(10520):2631-2643. PMID: 41207310.
  111. Viking Therapeutics, Inc.. A Phase 3 Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, 78-Week Efficacy and Safety Study of VK2735 Administered Subcutaneously for Weight Management in Participants Without Type 2 Diabetes Who Are Obese, or Overweight With at Least One Weight-related Comorbid Condition (VANQUISH 1). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT07104500. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07104500
  112. Pfizer. A PHASE 3, RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF ONCE-MONTHLY BEROBENATIDE IN ADULTS WITH OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA AND OVERWEIGHT OR OBESITY RECEIVING POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE THERAPY (VESPER-OSA 1). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT07823608. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07823608
  113. Sara Kehlet Hope Watt et al. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of GZR102, a novel once-weekly fixed-ratio combination of insulin GZR4 and GLP-1 receptor agonist bofanglutide. Abstract 855. EASD 2026 Annual Meeting; 2026 Sep 29–Oct 3; Milan. [Session: SO 077 Two can do better than one: insulin and incretinmimetics]
  114. Beijing QL Biopharmaceutical Co.,Ltd. A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Phase 3 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Zovaglutide in Adults With Overweight or Obesity.. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT07230119. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07230119
  115. Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd.. A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Noiiglutide Injection in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Who Received Metformin in Combination With or Without Another Oral Hypoglycemic Drug for Poor Blood Glucose Control -- a Phase III Clinical Trial of Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo Parallel Control. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT06649773. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06649773
  116. AstraZeneca. A Phase III Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Multicentre Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of AZD6234 as an Adjunct to Incretin-based Therapies in Participants With Obesity or Overweight With at Least One Weight-Related Comorbidity With or Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (SELENE 3) (SELENE 3). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT07776509. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07776509
  117. Hanmi Pharmaceutical Company Limited. A Phase 2, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Study to Evaluate Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of HM15211(Efocipegtrutide) Treatment for 12 Months in Subjects With Biopsy Confirmed NASH (HM-TRIA-201). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04505436. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04505436
  118. Eli Lilly and Company. A Phase 2, Parallel-Group, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Investigate Weight Reduction With Macupatide and Eloralintide, Alone or in Combination, in Adult Participants With Obesity or Overweight and With Type 2 Diabetes. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT07215559. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07215559
  119. AstraZeneca. A Phase II Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Proof-of-Concept Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Cotadutide in Participants With Non-cirrhotic Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis With Fibrosis (PROXYMO-ADV). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT05364931. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05364931
  120. Lincoff AM, Brown-Frandsen K, Colhoun HM, Deanfield J, Emerson SS, Esbjerg S, et al. Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obesity without Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2023;389(24):2221-2232. PMID: 37952131.
  121. Novo Nordisk A/S. SELECT - Semaglutide Effects on Cardiovascular Outcomes in People With Overweight or Obesity (SELECT). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03574597. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03574597
  122. Perkovic V, Tuttle KR, Rossing P, Mahaffey KW, Mann JFE, Bakris G, et al. Effects of Semaglutide on Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2024;391(2):109-121. PMID: 38785209.
  123. Novo Nordisk A/S. Effect of Semaglutide Versus Placebo on the Progression of Renal Impairment in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease (FLOW). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03819153. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03819153
  124. McGuire DK, Marx N, Mulvagh SL, Deanfield JE, Inzucchi SE, Pop-Busui R, et al. Oral Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in High-Risk Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2025;392(20):2001-2012. PMID: 40162642.
  125. Novo Nordisk A/S. Semaglutide Cardiovascular Outcomes Trial in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (SOUL). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03914326. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03914326
  126. Marso SP, Bain SC, Consoli A, Eliaschewitz FG, Jódar E, Leiter LA, et al. Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(19):1834-1844. PMID: 27633186.
  127. Husain M, Birkenfeld AL, Donsmark M, Dungan K, Eliaschewitz FG, Franco DR, et al. Oral Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(9):841-851. PMID: 31185157.
  128. Marso SP, Daniels GH, Brown-Frandsen K, Kristensen P, Mann JF, Nauck MA, et al. Liraglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(4):311-22. PMID: 27295427.
  129. Nicholls SJ, Pavo I, Bhatt DL, Buse JB, Del Prato S, Kahn SE, et al. Cardiovascular Outcomes with Tirzepatide versus Dulaglutide in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2025;393(24):2409-2420. PMID: 41406444.
  130. Eli Lilly and Company. The Effect of Tirzepatide Versus Dulaglutide on Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (SURPASS-CVOT) (SURPASS-CVOT). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04255433. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04255433
  131. SURPASS-CVOT: clinically relevant trial insights [session]. EASD 2026 Annual Meeting; 2026 Sep 29–Oct 3; Milan. Available from: https://docs.mdwrt.app/infographics/easd-2026-congress-intelligence/
  132. Packer M, Zile MR, Kramer CM, Baum SJ, Litwin SE, Menon V, et al. Tirzepatide for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2025;392(5):427-437. PMID: 39555826.
  133. Eli Lilly and Company. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 3 Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide Versus Placebo in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction and Obesity (SUMMIT). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04847557. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04847557
  134. Gerstein HC, Colhoun HM, Dagenais GR, Diaz R, Lakshmanan M, Pais P, et al. Dulaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (REWIND): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2019;394(10193):121-130. PMID: 31189511.
  135. Gerstein HC, Sattar N, Rosenstock J, Ramasundarahettige C, Pratley R, Lopes RD, et al. Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes with Efpeglenatide in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(10):896-907. PMID: 34215025.
  136. Hernandez AF, Green JB, Janmohamed S, D'Agostino RB Sr, Granger CB, Jones NP, et al. Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Harmony Outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2018;392(10157):1519-1529. PMID: 30291013.
  137. Holman RR, Bethel MA, Mentz RJ, Thompson VP, Lokhnygina Y, Buse JB, et al. Effects of Once-Weekly Exenatide on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(13):1228-1239. PMID: 28910237.
  138. Pfeffer MA, Claggett B, Diaz R, Dickstein K, Gerstein HC, Køber LV, et al. Lixisenatide in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Acute Coronary Syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(23):2247-57. PMID: 26630143.
  139. Eli Lilly and Company. A Phase 3, Open-Label Study of Once Daily LY3502970 Compared With Insulin Glargine in Adult Participants With Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity or Overweight at Increased Cardiovascular Risk (ACHIEVE-4). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT05803421. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05803421
  140. Eli Lilly and Company. A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Investigate the Effect of Tirzepatide on the Reduction of Morbidity and Mortality in Adults With Obesity (SURMOUNT-MMO). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT05556512. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05556512
  141. Novo Nordisk A/S. The Cardiovascular Safety and Efficacy of Cagrilintide 2.4 mg s.c. in Combination With Semaglutide 2.4 mg s.c. (CagriSema 2.4 mg/2.4 mg s.c.) Once-weekly in Participants With Established Cardiovascular Disease (REDEFINE 3). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT05669755. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05669755
  142. Boehringer Ingelheim. A Phase 3, Randomised, Double-blind, Parallel-group, Event-driven, Cardiovascular Safety Study With BI 456906 Administered Subcutaneously Compared With Placebo in Participants With Overweight or Obesity With Established Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) or Chronic Kidney Disease, and/or at Least Two Weight-related Complications or Risk Factors for CVD. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT06077864. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06077864
  143. Eli Lilly and Company. A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Event-Driven Study to Investigate the Effect of Retatrutide on the Incidence of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events and Major Adverse Kidney Events in Participants With Body Mass Index ≥27 kg/m2 and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and/or Chronic Kidney Disease. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT06383390. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06383390
  144. Eli Lilly and Company. A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Event-Driven Study to Investigate the Effect of Orforglipron on the Incidence of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Participants With Established Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and/or Chronic Kidney Disease. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT07241390. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07241390
  145. Amgen. A Phase 3 Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study to Evaluate the Impact of Maridebart Cafraglutide on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Participants With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and Overweight or Obesity (MARITIME-CV). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT07037433. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07037433
  146. Kosiborod MN, Abildstrøm SZ, Borlaug BA, Butler J, Rasmussen S, Davies M, et al. Semaglutide in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2023;389(12):1069-1084. PMID: 37622681.
  147. Kosiborod MN, Petrie MC, Borlaug BA, Butler J, Davies MJ, Hovingh GK, et al. Semaglutide in Patients with Obesity-Related Heart Failure and Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2024;390(15):1394-1407. PMID: 38587233.
  148. Malhotra A, Grunstein RR, Fietze I, Weaver TE, Redline S, Azarbarzin A, et al. Tirzepatide for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2024;391(13):1193-1205. PMID: 38912654.
  149. Bliddal H, Bays H, Czernichow S, Uddén Hemmingsson J, Hjelmesæth J, Hoffmann Morville T, et al. Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Persons with Obesity and Knee Osteoarthritis. N Engl J Med. 2024;391(17):1573-1583. PMID: 39476339.
  150. Eli Lilly and Company. A Phase 3 Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of LY3437943 Once Weekly in Participants Who Have Obesity or Overweight and Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial (TRIUMPH-4). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT05931367. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05931367
  151. Sanyal AJ, Newsome PN, Kliers I, Østergaard LH, Long MT, Kjær MS, et al. Phase 3 Trial of Semaglutide in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis. N Engl J Med. 2025;392(21):2089-2099. PMID: 40305708.
  152. Loomba R, Hartman ML, Lawitz EJ, Vuppalanchi R, Boursier J, Bugianesi E, et al. Tirzepatide for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis with Liver Fibrosis. N Engl J Med. 2024;391(4):299-310. PMID: 38856224.
  153. Sanyal AJ, Bedossa P, Fraessdorf M, Neff GW, Lawitz E, Bugianesi E, et al. A Phase 2 Randomized Trial of Survodutide in MASH and Fibrosis. N Engl J Med. 2024;391(4):311-319. PMID: 38847460.
  154. Novo Nordisk A/S. A Randomised Double-blind Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial Investigating the Effect and Safety of Oral Semaglutide in Subjects With Early Alzheimer´s Disease (EVOKE) (EVOKE). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04777396. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04777396
  155. Novo Nordisk A/S. A Randomised Double-blind Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial Investigating the Effect and Safety of Oral Semaglutide in Subjects With Early Alzheimer´s Disease (EVOKE Plus) (EVOKE Plus). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04777409. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04777409
  156. Cummings JL, Atri A, Sano M, Zetterberg H, Scheltens P, Knop FK, et al. Efficacy and safety of oral semaglutide 14 mg (flexible dose) in early-stage symptomatic Alzheimer's disease (evoke and evoke+): two phase 3, randomised, placebo-controlled trials. Lancet. 2026;407(10544):2167-2179. PMID: 41865758.
  157. Zhou Zhang et al. Liraglutide and empagliflozin vs linagliptin on reversion of mild cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes (LIGHT-MCI): a multicentre, randomised clinical trial. Abstract 140. EASD 2026 Annual Meeting; 2026 Sep 29–Oct 3; Milan. [Session: OP 24 Protecting the brain]
  158. Edison P, Femminella GD, Ritchie C, Nowell J, Holmes C, Walker Z, et al. Liraglutide in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a phase 2b clinical trial. Nat Med. 2026;32(1):353-361. PMID: 41326666.
How it works

Method and update rules

The atlas is a database of records, not a text. Each record: trial, arm, population, duration, estimand, value, primary source, verification status. The whole page is generated from the database.

Link to section

Update pipeline

  • Collect: PubMed (our monitoring), ClinicalTrials.gov (status changes, results), company press releases, congresses (EASD, ADA, ObesityWeek, ESC), regulators (FDA, EMA, national registers).
  • Extract: two independent LLM extractions under the SR Workbench protocol, every value with a quote from the source.
  • Verify: discrepancies go to a queue approved by a human (15–30 min a week); record status «seed» → «verified».
  • Publish: maps rebuilt + an entry in the update feed; subscribers get an e-mail.

Reading rules

  • Cross-trial comparisons are a guide, not proof: populations, duration, estimand and baseline BMI differ.
  • The estimand matters more than the number: «efficacy» overstates the effect vs «treatment-policy» by 1–4 points.
  • AE discontinuations depend on the escalation scheme: phase 2 usually shows higher rates than phase 3 of the same molecule.
  • Figures from congress abstracts (status «easd») may change at full publication.
Medical Adviser's Group · Incretin Atlas · prototype · built 14 Oct 2026. Data belong to the authors of the cited works; this page is not an advertisement of medicinal products.